What is Stabilizer?

The basic works of Stabilizer is that it will do voltage increase from low input voltage, such as it can 80v or 100v step up to 220v, because the 220 voltage is normal uses voltage, our all electrical or electronics equipment support 220v, when the only few things that can be works at low voltage, some appliances can run at low voltage but its working performance be decrease.

Internal working of Stabilizer

The Transformer is the main part of a Stabilizer, because only transformer can decrease or increase voltage without changing frequency.

The basically many loops out from transformer which has different voltages. Such as when we winding transformer we out different loops at voltage requirements.

 

In this diagram you see that we have many loops, so we will connect Neutral wire to point 1, and Phase wire connect to point 2, now if we check volts by voltage Meter, then Neutral wire of Meter connect to point 1, and other wire of Meter connect to other points, then we will get different volts at any loop.

This clearly shows that the transformer acts to increase the voltage.

We have two types of stabilizer

1- Manual stabilizer

2- Automatic voltage stabilizer

1-  Manual stabilizer

It has only a regulator switch which directly connects to transformer, the regulator has 5-6 pins, each pin will connect with different loop of windings, and one common pin of regulator will connected to load.

So when regulator wlll be rotate by hand then its Common pin connect to another pins, which pins connected to different voltage level, means when we regulator switch change by hand then we get different voltage.

But its disadvantage that if voltage sudden increase or decrease so output will can’t stable at 220v, it will also change with input volts.

For Example:- if input voltage is 150v and regulator set at point which point give 220v output at 150v, then if input voltage sudden change such as input volt jump to 180v or 200v so 200+70=270 means then 270 voltage will be out, and this voltage can be harmful of our appliances.

2-  Automatic voltage stabilizer: - it has a electronics circuit which control to voltage fluctuation, the basically its circuit has Relays which can easily change voltage links, and relays controlled by transistor.

This is advantage that if input voltage sudden increase or decrease then circuit will sense voltage fluctuation and passes a signal to relay for voltage links changing.

Example:- If input voltage is 120v then relay will connect at point which point give 210v or 220v and if input voltage increase from 120v to 150v then circuit will sense and Relay shift to another loop, thus voltage will can remain stable at 220v (+-)5%.

We make stabilizer by two ways

1- Input change

2- output change

1- Input change stabilizer

In this method, transformer will be windings like this

The first loop is used for Neutral or common, and other loops will use for Phase input and Phase output, in this we needs to only windings up to 230v which is normal voltage, so now load's 1 wire will connect to Neutral and other load's wire connect at 230 volt's loop, and it will remain fixed at this point, so now we will change input wire.

So if input voltage is 230v then it direct connect at 230v, and load will run directly input voltage, because 230v is normal voltage.

But when input voltage will decrease such as 190v 170v or more decrease then input wire will connect to back loops, so now input is connected back loop from load's output for this voltage will increase at forward loop, thus load get more voltage from input, because this is work of transformer.

So we will connect Relays with loops, which will change input Links with volts fluctuation.

This type of stabilizer is less expensive, as its windings are only required for the input voltage, so the winding wire in its transformer is less and the core also is less.

2- Output change stabilizer

In this method windings of transformer like this 

The 1 loop is used for Neutral or common, and second loop will be use for Phase input, and other loops will use for Phase output, in this we required  windings up to 350v to 400v if we want convert 100v 220 voltage.

So now load's 1 wire will connect to Neutral and other load's wire connect with different loops, where load will be connect its depends at input voltage, if input voltage is 100v then load will connect forward loop, means if input volts will increase then load's output will connect with back loop, and when input volts will decrease then output will goes to forward. 

So if input voltage is 230v then it direct connect at 230v, and load will run directly input voltage, because 230v is normal voltage.

But when input voltage will decrease such as 180v 150v or more decrease then output wire will connect to forward loops, so now input remain fixed at one point.

So now we will connect Relays with loops which will change output Links with volts fluctuation.

The basically Output change transformer's stabilizer is more costly, because its winding be for 400 volts, for this it needs more wire and core.