What is Stabilizer?
The
basic works of Stabilizer is that it will do voltage increase from low input
voltage, such as it can 80v or 100v step up to 220v, because the 220 voltage is
normal uses voltage, our all electrical or electronics equipment support 220v,
when the only few things that can be works at low voltage, some appliances can
run at low voltage but its working performance be decrease.
Internal working of Stabilizer
The
Transformer is the main part of a Stabilizer, because only transformer can
decrease or increase voltage without changing frequency.
The
basically many loops out from transformer which has different voltages. Such as
when we winding transformer we out different loops at voltage requirements.
In
this diagram you see that we have many loops, so we will connect Neutral wire
to point 1, and Phase wire connect to point 2, now if we check volts by voltage
Meter, then Neutral wire of Meter connect to point 1, and other wire of Meter
connect to other points, then we will get different volts at any loop.
This
clearly shows that the transformer acts to increase the voltage.
We
have two types of stabilizer
1- Manual
stabilizer
2- Automatic
voltage stabilizer
1- Manual
stabilizer
It
has only a regulator switch which directly connects to transformer, the
regulator has 5-6 pins, each pin will connect with different loop of windings,
and one common pin of regulator will connected to load.
So
when regulator wlll be rotate by hand then its Common pin connect to another
pins, which pins connected to different voltage level, means when we regulator
switch change by hand then we get different voltage.
But
its disadvantage that if voltage sudden increase or decrease so output will
can’t stable at 220v, it will also change with input volts.
For
Example:- if input voltage is 150v and regulator set at point which
point give 220v output at 150v, then if input voltage sudden change such as
input volt jump to 180v or 200v so 200+70=270 means then 270 voltage will be
out, and this voltage can be harmful of our appliances.
2- Automatic
voltage stabilizer: - it has a electronics circuit which control to
voltage fluctuation, the basically its circuit has Relays which can easily
change voltage links, and relays controlled by transistor.
This
is advantage that if input voltage sudden increase or decrease then circuit
will sense voltage fluctuation and passes a signal to relay for voltage links
changing.
Example:-
If input voltage is 120v then relay will connect at point which point give 210v
or 220v and if input voltage increase from 120v to 150v then circuit will sense
and Relay shift to another loop, thus voltage will can remain stable at 220v
(+-)5%.
We
make stabilizer by two ways
1- Input
change
2- output
change
1- Input
change stabilizer
In this method, transformer will be windings like this
The
first loop is used for Neutral or common, and other loops will use for Phase
input and Phase output, in this we needs to only windings up to 230v
which is normal voltage, so now load's 1 wire will connect to Neutral and other
load's wire connect at 230 volt's loop, and it will remain fixed at this point,
so now we will change input wire.
So
if input voltage is 230v then it direct connect at 230v, and load will run
directly input voltage, because 230v is normal voltage.
But
when input voltage will decrease such as 190v 170v or more decrease then input
wire will connect to back loops, so now input is connected back loop from
load's output for this voltage will increase at forward loop, thus load get
more voltage from input, because this is work of transformer.
So
we will connect Relays with loops, which will change input Links with volts
fluctuation.
This
type of stabilizer is less expensive, as its windings are only required for the
input voltage, so the winding wire in its transformer is less and the core also
is less.
2- Output
change stabilizer
In this method windings of transformer like this
The
1 loop is used for Neutral or common, and second loop will be use for Phase
input, and other loops will use for Phase output, in this we required
windings up to 350v to 400v if we want convert 100v 220 voltage.
So
now load's 1 wire will connect to Neutral and other load's wire connect with
different loops, where load will be connect its depends at input voltage, if
input voltage is 100v then load will connect forward loop, means if input volts
will increase then load's output will connect with back loop, and when input
volts will decrease then output will goes to forward.
So
if input voltage is 230v then it direct connect at 230v, and load will run
directly input voltage, because 230v is normal voltage.
But
when input voltage will decrease such as 180v 150v or more decrease then output
wire will connect to forward loops, so now input remain fixed at one point.
So
now we will connect Relays with loops which will change output Links with volts
fluctuation.
The basically Output change transformer's stabilizer is more costly, because its winding be for 400 volts, for this it needs more wire and core.
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