Parts of motor | Parts of electric motor

 

Parts of motors and working of each part

We talk about the parts of a motor, how many parts a motor has and how each part has to work.

Both motors, such as "AC" and "DC", have approximately the same parts, which we will discuss now.

Every motor has the following parts.

·        Rotor/ armature

·        Stator

·        Shaft

·        Bearing

·        Windings

·        Cooling fan

·        Magnet

·        Commutator

·        Carbon brushes

·        Carbon holder

·        Iron core

·        Body case 

1-    What is Rotor?

 

The rotor is a movable part in the motor, it looks like a cylinder type, it made by steel laminations it has copper or aluminum bars / plates on surface, which connected parallel by end ring.

We have two types of rotor.

1.  Squirrel cage type rotor

2.  Slip ring type rotor

·        1- The Squirrel cage type rotor not has any winding it is completely rounded.

·       2-  The slip ring or wound type rotor has windings and slip rings, these windings are attached to the slip rings, we can adjust its torque or speed by adding external resistance. 

2-    What is stator?

 

The stator is a stationary part of any motor this made from iron core, we combine several iron core plates together for make a stator.

The stator has windings, which we called field windings. It does not rotate itself but the rotor rotates inside, when current is supplied to its winding an electromagnetic force is generated throughout the stator which rotates the rotor.

3-    What is Shaft?

 

The shaft is round shape its look like a rod it tightly connected with rotor, the shaft out from motor body, we attach any load with motor by shaft it also made from strong iron or steel. And its length or diameter size has different in any motor, because its depends on load or torque power, that how much load can take which motor, its size select by manufacturer engineer.

 

4-    What is bearing?

 

The bearing is a mechanic part it reduces friction between two movable parts.

Bearings we use between the motor body and the rotor, so that the rotor easily fix in the body, first the bearing is fixed in the plate of the motor body then the rotor is fixed in the under bearing, for this the rotor can rotate easily and it has no any flexibility.

5-    What is winding?

 

Winding is done by copper or aluminum wire, we make coil from thin copper wire, then insert it into stator of the motor, when power is supplied to its coils so electricity creates magnetic field around whole coil, and this magnet spreads throughout the stator. The winding is the life of all motors, because this is very important for motors. 

6-    What is cooling fan?

 

The cooling fan is installed in the motor for cooling provide to motor, so that coils of motor will not get heat, because when motor run so its winding will heat, this heat reduce by cooling fan.

It has plastic or iron blades like fan blades, it blades connected with rotor, means when rotor will rotate then its blade also rotate and provide air to whole windings. 

7-    What is magnet?

 

The magnet is used only in “DC” motors, the motor which does not have field winding has magnet, but the same function of field winding is done by the magnet, but its magnetic force decreases time by time.

8-    What is commutator?

 

The commutator is a rotary electrical switch that supplies the current to the armature, it is made of small metal contacts or rods and its shape is like a cylinder, we connect all coils of the armature to the commutator.

9-    What are carbon brushes?

 

They are used to supply current to the commutator because the commutator rotates, so it cannot take current by itself, for this we provides current to the carbon brushes, and carbon brushes supply current to the commutator, Because they are so closely intertwined with together. The carbon brush is fixed at one point but the commutator can easily rotate between it.

The Carbon brushes are made of small carbon particles or multiple carbon blocks, such as copper graphite, natural graphite, electro graphite, silver graphite, etc.

10-What is carbon holder?

 

The carbon holder is used to hold the carbon brush, because it holds the carbon tightly, the carbon holder is square or rectangular shape it is made of plastic or iron.

11- What is core?

 

The core is used to hold coil, it made of Silicon Steel, it is a very thin plates and the stator of the motor is made by this core, to core also laminations. 

12- What is motor body?

 

You know that any equipment has parts that fit into the one body, so the body can be made of plastic or iron, the motor has an iron body, all its parts are in the body and only router is out of its body, but the design of the motor body is like a heat sink, that it can take air easily, or dissipate heat easily, so that motor give always best result.

THE END