What is motor and its types | types of electric motor

 

What is motor and how many its types, we have explained full in easy way

What is Motor?

The motor is electrical device which converts electrical energy into rotational mechanical energy.

Full form of “Motor”

“Mechanical Orbiting of Transforming Ongoing Resource”

Definition:-

The motor is often useful device on many places, it has created most value in our life. The motor is very important device, not most but at all places it used such as Factories, Industries, Home, Office, School, College, also its used in vehicles, etc.
We have different types of motors that are use in different places, different types of motors are needed everywhere, it depends on the work that what we have to do.

Types of Motor

There are 3 types of motors, many people think that there are only two types of motors but this is not true. We have three types of motors which are as follows.

1. AC Motor

1. DC Motor

1. Special Motor

1- “AC” Motor :-

That running on "AC" current is called AC motor.

Ac Motor

2- “DC” Motor

That motor run on “DC” current is called DC motor.

Dc Motor

3- Special Motor.

That Motor run on both current, means “AC” and “DC” is called Special Motor

Define “AC” Motor

There are two types of “AC” Motor

1- Synchronous Motor

2- Asynchronous Motor

1- Synchronous Motor

The synchronous motor is an "AC" motor but it is double excited, it requires two sources to operate, such as "AC" and "DC", while "AC" current is supplied to the stator winding, and "DC" current will supplied to the rotor windings, another different that its armature windings has in stator and field windings in rotor.

It run on synchronous speed but this can't self started, the synchronous motor will not run until any external source not reach unto its synchronous speed, for this we attach with an external source for start it. But when it reaches its synchronous speed, then will not decrease it speed.

Another advantage is that it always runs at the constant speed, means if we connect or disconnect any load from it, than its speed will be the same, but its design is complex. And we can change its power factor, means "Lagging" or "Leading" by changing the excited source, and it is more efficient than other motors.

2- Asynchronous / Induction Motor

The Asynchronous motor also we called induction motor.
  The induction motor is an "AC" motor but in it the rotor needs to generate the torque which obtains by the electromagnet, for this the stator winding requires only the supply of "AC" current.

The Induction motor cannot always run at constant speed, this means that if we connect or disconnect any load, its speed will change and it always works on the "lagging" power factor.

The Induction Motor has two types:-

1- Squirrel cage induction motor.
2- Slip ring induction motor.

Define:-
1- Squirrel cage induction motor

This type of motor has low starting torque, and its construction is simple, it has only stator winding, whereas rotor and stator are not connected by electrical wiring.

This type of motor takes more current at starting time, and we cannot connect any external resistance to its router and we cannot control the speed of its rotor by changing the resistance.

The squirrel cage induction motor, known as a "cage" type rotor and is easy to make, it’s made by metal lamination such as copper or aluminum, which are connected to each other by an end ring, about 90% of this type of motor is used everywhere like home, factory, industry etc. because it is available at affordable price.
Uses:- Fan, Water Pump, Compressor and all industries use this type motor.

2- Slip ring induction motor

This type of motor has high starting torque, and its construction is complex, it has both windings like stator and rotor while rotor and stator are connected by electrical wiring.

This type of motor uses normal current when starting, and we can adjust its torque power with the help of resistance change, for this we attach a resistance changer box to it, the slip ring induction motor, also known as the "wound" type router, has windings attached to the slip rings that also have carbon or brushes. Only 10% of this type of motor is used in big factories, industries etc. because it is more expensive in terms of price.

The slip ring type Motor mostly used in Crane, Elevator, etc.

Define “DC” Motor

There are four types of “DC” Moto

1- Shunt motor

2- Series motor

3- Compound Motor

4- permanent magnet Motor

1- Shunt Motor

The “DC” shunt motor also called the DC shunt "wound" motor, this is self excited motor it has two windings such as field and armature, which are connected in parallel.

This type of motor is more commonly used than other motors, we use this motor for constant speed, because it always provides the same or constant speed

Uses:- Lathe Machine, Fan, Cloth Making Machine, etc.

2- DC series motor

This type of motor is a group of self excited motor, its field windings are connected in series with the armature winding and thus more current can pass through them, for this it can provide high staring torque, and we can't use it without load

Uses:- Elevator, Lift, etc.

3- Compound motor

The DC compound Motor is combination of Shunt and series motor, it used when need high starting torque and regulated speed, it used very less

uses:-

Stamping machine or Rolling Machine, etc. 

4- Permanent magnet motor

This type of motor has a permanent magnet it not having filed winding, its only armature windings, it is used where there is no need to control the speed.

Uses:- In Small Table Fans, Toys, etc.

Define “Special” Motor

There are five types of “Special” Motor.

1- Stepper motor

2- Universal motor

3- Servo motor

4- BLDC Motor “Brush Less DC Motor”

1- Stepper Motor

The stepper motor also known by Step or Stepping motor, this is brush less motor, it divides a complete rotation into several equal steps, it’s used for particular task.

Uses:-

Robot, Stepping Machine, etc.

2- Universal Motor

This type of motor can run on either “AC” or “DC” current, it has winding in both stator and rotor, and both connected in series, it can provide high starting torque and can running on high speed.

The universal motor is similar to “DC” series motor, but it has some changes that it can easily run on “AC” current.

Uses:- Drill Machine, Juicer Machine, etc.

3- Servo motor

This type of motor is same as Stepper motor it can give very accurate rotation, servo motor produces high torque and low speed, we use it where we need some particular task like packing machine.

It has normal “DC” or “AC” motor but gear box attached with the motor, the gear box convert motor's normal torque into high torque, and it has controller circuit which control to it that how much rotate and how much for time rotate.

The servo Motor has another two types

1- Rotator Motor

2- Liner Motor

1- The Rotator Motor:- will rotate like circle but on some angle such as 30, 60, 90 degree etc.

2- The Liner Motor: has a stator and rotor "enrolled" so it does not produce torque, it produces Linear force along its length.

Uses:- Automatic Door opens, etc.

4- BLDC Motor

This type of motor is completely different from other motors, its armature is fixed at one point and its body rotates, its armature has winding and is connected to power source, while its body has a magnet, it can rotate in very high speed, and it has very less weight.

Uses:- Drone, Cooling Fan, “CPU” Fan, etc.