What is inverter | how to works inverter

  

 What is inverter?

The inverter is the power electronics device and it is most important device in solar system, because the inverter can easily convert current which current produced by solar panels, when the solar panels provide DC current.

Beautiful the basic work of inverter is that it Low direct current "DC" voltage convert into high alternating current "AC" voltage, such as 12v, 24, 48v DC convert to 220v AC at 50-60 hertz frequency, because DC is direct current it not has frequency.

How to works circuit of inverter?

The inverter circuit works at switching mode, because the "AC" current has 50-60 hertz frequency, and this is alternating current, means "AC" current always changing its polarity means it 50 times "ON" and "OFF" in one second, but "DC" is direct current so it not has frequency.

For this, first of all needs to change "DC" current into "AC" current, because only "AC" current can change from low voltage to high voltage, by help of a transformer.

Because we have needs to do step up voltage, when the battery gives only 12v, but we required 220v "AC" current by inverter.

When we will do "DC" current "ON" and "OFF" 50 times in one second, then it will make "AC" current at 50-60 hertz frequency.

See this diagram

In diagram, you see that "Condition 1" is neutral condition means it is normal open circuit condition, but in "Condition 2" when Switch 1 and switch 4 will "ON" then current flowing from left to right side in load, and in "Condition 3" when switch 2 and switch 3 "ON" then current flowing from right to left side in load, and this is alternating current, because "AC" current exactly flowing like this way from load.

So above diagram showing that we required to do 50-60 times "ON" and "OFF" this switches, then we get 50-60 Hertz frequency.

But this is not possible by hand such as mechanical or electrical switches, because any mechanical or electrical switch cannot "ON" or "OFF quickly, for this we used electronics component Transistor for switching purpose, the transistor can switching "1000” or above times in one second, when the we required only 50-60 times switching in inverter, means first two switch "ON" by help of transistor, and quickly this switches will be "OFF", then other two switches will "ON", and this process will continue same like this.

And transistor is controlled by a complete circuit, and its switching time set by circuit, because frequency of inverter is depended at transistor's switching, for this circuit designed required perfectly.

Types of inverter

We have three types of inverter

1.   Square wave

2.   Modified sine wave

3.   Sine wave

      1- Square wave inverter

When the "DC" current converted into "AC" current by transistor, then it will make "AC" current but in square wave, means first inverter will made in square wave.

It is easy to make and its cheap in price, the square wave inverter is some harmful for some equipment, the small equipment will can run by square wave inverter, but this is harmful for big or heavy appliances.

When a “fan” or “motor” will run by this types of inverter so “fan” or “motor” produce “hamming” sound, and this is big sign of this inverter.

2- Modified sine wave

First when "DC" current converted into "AC" then it made in square wave which discussed above, then we used a electronics component which is called Comparator, the Comparator convert square wave into modified sine wave, and mostly 60% to 70% used this types of inverter, such as in home, offices and etc.

This is the some costly than square wave, because its circuit is some complicated than square wave inverter.

3- Sine wave

To the sine wave inverter also called "true" or "pure" sine wave but mostly it known by pure sine wave inverter, its current is complete pure, which "AC" current we used at every where they also pure sine wave, means this types of inverter not has any different from genuine electricity.

First of all "DC" current converted into square wave then it converted to modified sine wave by help of comparator, then used capacitors and Inductors in modified inverter, and basically capacitors and Inductors convert modified to pure sine wave, and this types of inverter is very best for and equipment, because its not harmful for any equipment.

But it is very costly than square and modified sine wave inverter, because many other components used in this inverter.

A power inverter gadget which creates a various advance sinusoidal AC waveform is alluded to as a sine wave inverter. To all the more obviously recognize the inverters with results of substantially less contortion than the altered sine wave (three stage) inverter plans, the producers regularly utilize the expression unadulterated sine wave inverter. Practically all purchaser grade inverters that are sold as a "unadulterated sine wave inverter" don't create a smooth sine wave yield at all,[citation needed] simply a less uneven result than the square wave (two stage) and adjusted sine wave (three stage) inverters. In any case, this isn't basic for most gadgets as they manage the result very well.

Where power inverter gadgets substitute for standard line power, a sine wave yield is alluring on the grounds that numerous electrical items are designed to work best with a sine wave AC power source. The standard electric utility gives a sine wave, normally with minor flaws yet now and then with huge bending.

Sine wave inverters with multiple means in the wave yield are more perplexing and have fundamentally greater expense than an altered sine wave, with just three stages, or square wave (one stage) kinds of a similar power taking care of. Switch-mode power supply (SMPS) gadgets, for example, PCs or DVD players, work on changed sine wave power. AC engines straightforwardly worked on non-sinusoidal power might create additional hotness, may have different speed-force attributes, or may deliver more perceptible commotion than when running on sinusoidal power.